Hacking is a term that is often associated with malicious activities, and it refers to unauthorized access or manipulation of computer systems, networks, or data. As technology advances, so do the methods used by hackers to gain access to sensitive information. In this article, we will explore the most common hacking techniques used by cybercriminals today. From phishing to malware, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the various ways hackers can infiltrate your system and what you can do to protect yourself. So, buckle up and get ready to learn about the dark world of hacking!
H2: Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing
H3: Definition of Ethical Hacking
Ethical hacking is the process of identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks. This is done with the owner’s permission to assess security risks. The primary goal of ethical hacking is to find and report security vulnerabilities before malicious hackers can exploit them.
Ethical hackers, also known as white hat hackers, use the same techniques and tools as malicious hackers, but their intentions are different. They focus on finding and fixing security vulnerabilities, rather than exploiting them for personal gain. Ethical hacking is a critical component of cybersecurity, as it helps organizations identify and address potential security risks before they can be exploited by malicious actors.
Ethical hacking can be performed using a variety of techniques, including penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and social engineering. These techniques are designed to simulate an attack on a system or network, allowing ethical hackers to identify potential vulnerabilities and recommend remediation measures.
Overall, ethical hacking is an essential part of cybersecurity, and it is important for organizations to engage in regular ethical hacking activities to ensure the security of their systems and networks.
H3: Penetration Testing
Penetration testing, also known as pen testing or ethical hacking, is a method of simulated cyberattacks used to evaluate a system’s resilience against realistic attacks. The primary goal of penetration testing is to identify vulnerabilities and assess the effectiveness of security measures in place. This technique is an essential tool for organizations to identify potential security weaknesses before they can be exploited by malicious actors.
Penetration testing typically involves the following steps:
- Reconnaissance: The first step in penetration testing is to gather information about the target system. This includes identifying open ports, services, and vulnerabilities that could be exploited.
- Scanning: Once the target system has been identified, the tester will begin scanning the system for vulnerabilities. This involves using automated tools to identify open ports, services, and potential vulnerabilities.
- Enumeration: After scanning, the tester will attempt to gather more information about the target system. This may include attempting to identify usernames, passwords, and other sensitive information.
- Exploitation: Once the tester has identified potential vulnerabilities, they will attempt to exploit them. This may involve using known exploits or creating custom exploits to gain access to the system.
- Post-exploitation: After gaining access to the system, the tester will attempt to escalate their privileges and maintain access to the system. This may involve finding and exploiting additional vulnerabilities or creating a backdoor to maintain access.
Penetration testing can be performed using a variety of tools and techniques, including social engineering, phishing, and physical security testing. The goal of penetration testing is to identify potential vulnerabilities and provide recommendations for improving the security of the system. By conducting regular penetration tests, organizations can ensure that their systems are secure and better prepared to defend against real-world attacks.
H2: Social Engineering Attacks
H3: Definition of Social Engineering
Social engineering is a technique used by hackers to manipulate individuals into divulging confidential information. It is a form of psychological manipulation that exploits human vulnerabilities. Social engineering attacks aim to trick people into believing that they are communicating with a trustworthy source, such as a bank representative or a tech support specialist. The attacker uses this trust to gain access to sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, or personal data.
Social engineering attacks can take many forms, including phishing emails, phone scams, and baiting attacks. In a phishing attack, the attacker sends an email that appears to be from a legitimate source, such as a bank or a social media platform, and asks the recipient to click on a link or enter their login credentials. In a phone scam, the attacker poses as a representative of a company or a government agency and asks the recipient to provide sensitive information over the phone. In a baiting attack, the attacker leaves a fake device or a USB drive with malware on it in a public place, hoping that someone will find it and plug it into their computer.
Social engineering attacks are particularly effective because they exploit human nature. People are often willing to trust someone who appears to be a trustworthy source, especially if they are in a position of authority or appear to be helpful. Social engineering attacks can also be difficult to detect because they often rely on social engineering tactics, such as creating a sense of urgency or using emotional manipulation to make the recipient act quickly without thinking.
Overall, social engineering attacks are a common and effective technique used by hackers to gain access to sensitive information. By understanding how these attacks work and being aware of the warning signs, individuals can protect themselves from falling victim to these types of attacks.
H3: Phishing
Phishing is a type of social engineering attack that involves sending fraudulent emails or texts to trick recipients into providing sensitive data. It is one of the most common social engineering attacks and can be used to gain access to personal information, financial data, and even login credentials.
Here are some key points to keep in mind when it comes to phishing attacks:
- Types of Phishing Attacks: There are several types of phishing attacks, including deceptive phishing, spear phishing, and whaling. Deceptive phishing is the most common type and involves sending a fraudulent email or text that appears to be from a legitimate source. Spear phishing is more targeted and involves sending an email or text to a specific individual or group. Whaling is a type of spear phishing that targets high-level executives or other senior officials.
- How Phishing Attacks Work: Phishing attacks typically involve sending an email or text that appears to be from a legitimate source, such as a bank or a popular online retailer. The email or text will often ask the recipient to click on a link or provide sensitive information, such as a password or credit card number. Once the recipient provides this information, it is sent to the attacker, who can then use it for malicious purposes.
- Prevention and Protection: There are several steps that individuals can take to protect themselves from phishing attacks. These include:
- Verifying the legitimacy of an email or text before providing any personal information.
- Avoiding links or attachments from unknown senders.
- Using strong and unique passwords for all accounts.
- Enabling two-factor authentication whenever possible.
- Keeping software and security systems up to date.
Overall, phishing attacks can be difficult to detect and can result in serious consequences if not handled properly. It is important to be aware of the risks and to take steps to protect yourself and your information.
H3: Spear Phishing
Spear phishing is a targeted attack technique used to deceive specific individuals or organizations. It is a type of social engineering attack that uses personal information to increase the likelihood of success. The attacker usually sends a fake email or message that appears to be from a trustworthy source, such as a bank or a colleague, in order to trick the victim into providing sensitive information or clicking on a malicious link.
The attacker typically gathers information about the victim through various means, such as social media or public records, in order to make the message more convincing. Spear phishing attacks can result in significant financial losses, as well as damage to the victim’s reputation and privacy.
Spear phishing attacks can be prevented by educating employees about the risks of social engineering attacks and how to identify them. It is also important to use strong and unique passwords, to enable two-factor authentication whenever possible, and to be cautious when clicking on links or opening attachments from unknown senders. Additionally, it is recommended to install and regularly update antivirus software and to keep software and operating systems up to date.
H2: Malware and Viruses
H3: Definition of Malware
Malware, short for malicious software, is a term used to describe any software that is designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system. Malware is a broad category that encompasses various types of harmful software, including viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and ransomware.
One of the key characteristics of malware is that it is designed to exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems in order to gain unauthorized access or to spread to other systems. Malware can be delivered through various means, such as email attachments, infected websites, or social engineering tactics.
Viruses are a type of malware that replicate themselves and attach to other files on a computer system. They can spread rapidly and cause significant damage to the system, including stealing sensitive data or corrupting files.
Worms, on the other hand, are standalone programs that can spread themselves across networks and computer systems without the need for a host program. They can cause significant damage by exploiting vulnerabilities in computer systems and stealing sensitive data.
Trojan horses are another type of malware that are disguised as legitimate software. They are designed to trick users into installing them on their systems, after which they can perform various malicious activities, such as stealing sensitive data or giving unauthorized access to the system.
Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts files on a computer system and demands a ransom in exchange for the decryption key. This type of malware has become increasingly common in recent years and can cause significant damage to individuals and organizations alike.
Overall, malware is a significant threat to computer systems and can cause significant damage if not detected and removed in a timely manner. It is important for individuals and organizations to take steps to protect themselves against malware, such as using antivirus software and keeping their systems up to date with the latest security patches.
H3: Viruses
Viruses are self-replicating programs that attach themselves to executable files on a computer system. They can cause harm to the system and steal sensitive data. There are various types of viruses, each with its unique characteristics and methods of operation.
How Viruses Work
Viruses spread by infecting other files or programs on the system. They do this by attaching themselves to the code of these files, so that when the file is executed, the virus is also executed. This can happen either when the user opens the infected file or when the system runs a program that has been infected.
Some viruses are designed to spread rapidly across networks, infecting as many systems as possible. Others are more targeted, attacking specific types of files or systems.
Symptoms of a Virus Infection
The symptoms of a virus infection can vary depending on the type of virus and the severity of the infection. Some common symptoms include:
- Slow computer performance
- System crashes or freezes
- Unusual error messages
- Unexplained files or programs on the system
- Suspicious network activity
If you suspect that your system may be infected with a virus, it is important to take action quickly to prevent further damage.
Prevention and Protection
There are several steps you can take to prevent and protect your system from viruses:
- Keep your operating system and software up to date with the latest security patches and updates.
- Use antivirus software and keep it up to date with the latest virus definitions.
- Be cautious when opening email attachments or downloading files from the internet.
- Use a firewall to protect your system from unauthorized access.
- Back up important data regularly to prevent data loss in the event of a virus infection.
By following these steps, you can reduce the risk of a virus infection and protect your system from harm.
H3: Worms
Worms are a type of malware that are self-replicating programs designed to spread over networks without human intervention. They consume bandwidth and can disrupt system operations, making them a significant threat to computer systems and networks.
Here are some key characteristics of worms:
- Self-replication: Worms have the ability to replicate themselves and spread to other systems without any human intervention. They can do this by exploiting vulnerabilities in computer systems or by using social engineering tactics to trick users into downloading and executing the worm.
- Network propagation: Worms are designed to spread rapidly over networks, which makes them particularly dangerous. They can infect large numbers of systems in a short period of time, causing widespread disruption.
- Consumption of bandwidth: Worms can consume a significant amount of bandwidth as they propagate across networks. This can slow down system operations and make it difficult for users to access the internet or other network resources.
- Disruption of system operations: Worms can disrupt system operations by consuming system resources, such as CPU cycles and memory. They can also modify system files or create new ones, which can cause system instability and crashing.
Some notable examples of worms include the “ILOVEYOU” worm, which caused widespread disruption in 2000, and the “Conficker” worm, which infected millions of computers worldwide and was one of the most sophisticated worms ever created.
Overall, worms are a serious threat to computer systems and networks, and it is important for individuals and organizations to take steps to protect themselves against these types of malware. This may include keeping systems up to date with the latest security patches, using antivirus software, and being cautious when opening email attachments or clicking on links from unknown sources.
H3: Trojan Horses
A Trojan Horse is a type of malware that is disguised as legitimate software to trick users into installing malicious code on their devices. Once installed, the Trojan Horse can open backdoors for unauthorized access and data theft.
Here are some key points to consider:
- Trojan Horses are often delivered through email attachments, infected websites, or malicious downloads.
- They can be difficult to detect because they do not typically display any symptoms or warnings.
- Trojan Horses can perform a variety of malicious activities, such as stealing sensitive data, spying on users, or installing additional malware.
- They can also be used to gain unauthorized access to systems, allowing attackers to remotely control infected devices or steal sensitive information.
- Anti-virus software can help detect and remove Trojan Horses, but it is important to keep software up-to-date and to be cautious when downloading or opening any suspicious files.
H3: Ransomware
Ransomware is a type of malware that is designed to block access to a computer system or file until a ransom is paid. This malicious software typically works by encrypting files on a victim’s device and demanding payment in exchange for the decryption key. The purpose of ransomware is to extort money from individuals or organizations by holding their data hostage.
There are several different types of ransomware, each with its own unique characteristics and methods of operation. Some ransomware strains, for example, may spread quickly across a network, infecting multiple devices in the process. Others may be more targeted, focusing on specific individuals or organizations.
Regardless of the specific type of ransomware, the consequences of an infection can be severe. Victims may find themselves unable to access important files or systems, leading to significant financial losses and disrupted operations. In some cases, ransomware attacks have even caused businesses to shut down permanently.
To protect against ransomware, it is important to take proactive measures such as keeping software and systems up to date, backing up important data regularly, and implementing strong security protocols. It is also important to be cautious when opening email attachments or clicking on links from unknown sources, as these can often be used to deliver ransomware payloads.
H2: Password Attacks
H3: Dictionary Attacks
Automated tools that attempt to guess passwords using common words or phrases
- Utilize pre-existing lists of words and phrases
- Generate a large number of password guesses in a short amount of time
- Vulnerable to brute force attacks with longer password lists
- Often used as a starting point for more advanced attacks
- Can be mitigated by using strong, unique passwords and enabling two-factor authentication.
H3: Rainbow Table Attacks
Rainbow Table Attacks, also known as precomputed tables of possible password combinations, are a popular hacking technique used to crack passwords. These tables contain a list of predetermined password combinations that can be used to quickly determine the correct password for a given user account.
The primary advantage of Rainbow Table Attacks is their speed, as they are faster than dictionary attacks but still limited by predefined password lists. However, the effectiveness of this technique depends on the quality of the precomputed tables, which must contain a sufficient number of possible password combinations to ensure success.
One key aspect of Rainbow Table Attacks is that they rely on the attacker’s ability to generate and store large amounts of data. The larger the table, the more likely it is that the attacker will find the correct password combination for a given user account. Therefore, it is crucial for users to implement strong, unique passwords and to avoid using common words or phrases that might be included in a precomputed table.
Overall, Rainbow Table Attacks represent a significant threat to user accounts, as they can be carried out quickly and efficiently using precomputed tables of possible password combinations. It is essential for users to take proactive measures to protect their accounts, such as using strong, unique passwords and enabling two-factor authentication whenever possible.
H3: Social Engineering Attacks
Manipulating users to reveal their passwords or use weak passwords
Social engineering attacks are a type of hacking technique that exploits human behavior to gain access to sensitive information, such as passwords. These attacks are often difficult to detect because they rely on manipulation and deception rather than technical vulnerabilities.
Takes advantage of human behavior and can be difficult to detect
Social engineering attacks use psychological manipulation to trick users into revealing their passwords or using weak passwords. For example, an attacker may send a phishing email that appears to be from a legitimate source, such as a bank or a popular online service, and ask the user to enter their password.
Another common social engineering attack is pretexting, where an attacker creates a false scenario to trick the user into revealing their password or other sensitive information. For example, an attacker may call a user and pretend to be a technical support representative, and ask the user to provide their password to fix a non-existent problem.
Because social engineering attacks rely on human behavior, they can be difficult to detect. Attackers may use sophisticated techniques, such as spear-phishing or whaling, to target specific individuals or organizations, making it even harder to identify and prevent these attacks.
Prevention measures
To prevent social engineering attacks, it is important to educate users about the risks and to implement security measures that can detect and block these types of attacks. This may include implementing multi-factor authentication, training employees to recognize and report suspicious activity, and using anti-phishing software to block suspicious emails and links.
It is also important to establish clear policies and procedures for handling sensitive information, such as passwords, and to enforce these policies consistently. Regular security audits and penetration testing can also help identify vulnerabilities and prevent social engineering attacks.
H2: Network Exploitation
H3: Port Scanning
Overview
Port scanning is a technique used by hackers to identify open ports and services on a targeted network. This automated process involves systematically scanning network ports to determine which are open and vulnerable to exploitation. The information gathered during port scanning can be used to identify potential entry points for further exploitation.
How It Works
Port scanning is typically performed using specialized software or scripts that send requests to specific ports on a targeted network. These requests are designed to detect whether a port is open or closed, and if it is open, what type of service is running on that port. The results of the scan can provide hackers with valuable information about the target network’s configuration and security posture.
Types of Port Scanning
There are several types of port scanning techniques, including:
- Full Port Scan: This type of scan involves sending a request to every port on a targeted network to determine which ports are open and what services are running on them.
- TCP Syn Scan: This technique involves sending a TCP packet to a targeted port and then waiting for a response. If a response is received, it indicates that the port is open and a service is running on it.
- UDP Scan: This type of scan is similar to a TCP scan, but it uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets instead of TCP packets.
- NULL Scan: This technique involves sending a series of null packets to a targeted port to determine if the port is open.
Advantages and Disadvantages
One advantage of port scanning is that it can quickly identify vulnerabilities on a targeted network. However, it can also be detected by intrusion detection systems (IDS) and other security measures, making it a less stealthy technique. Additionally, port scanning can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, requiring significant computing power and network bandwidth.
Overall, port scanning is a valuable tool for hackers looking to identify potential entry points on a targeted network. However, it should be used in conjunction with other hacking techniques to maximize the chances of success.
H3: ARP Spoofing
ARP Spoofing is a technique used by attackers to intercept and manipulate network traffic by falsifying the ARP cache. This allows the attacker to redirect network traffic through their device, enabling them to eavesdrop on or even modify the data being transmitted.
ARP Spoofing works by sending fake ARP messages to the network, which update the ARP cache with the attacker’s MAC address and the IP address of the target device. When other devices on the network send data to the target device, they will instead send it to the attacker’s device, allowing them to intercept and manipulate the data.
ARP Spoofing can be used for a variety of malicious purposes, such as stealing sensitive information, injecting malware into the network, or even taking control of the target device. To prevent ARP Spoofing, it is important to use security measures such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems, and to keep the ARP cache up to date with the correct IP-to-MAC mappings.
H3: Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
A Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack is a type of cyber attack where an attacker intercepts and modifies communication between two parties who believe they are communicating directly with each other. The attacker’s goal is to eavesdrop, manipulate, or impersonate the users to gain sensitive information or disrupt the communication.
In a MitM attack, the attacker positions themselves between the two communicating parties, creating a hidden channel of communication that allows them to intercept and modify messages as they are exchanged. This can be done by exploiting vulnerabilities in the network protocols, such as ARP, DNS, or IP protocols, or by using malware to infect the victim’s device.
MitM attacks can take various forms, including:
- ARP spoofing: The attacker sends fake ARP messages to associate themselves with the IP address of a legitimate device on the network, allowing them to intercept all traffic sent to that device.
- DNS spoofing: The attacker intercepts DNS requests and responds with fake IP addresses, redirecting traffic to malicious websites or servers.
- IP proxying: The attacker sets up a proxy server that intercepts and relays traffic between the two communicating parties, allowing the attacker to modify or block the traffic as desired.
MitM attacks can have serious consequences, such as the theft of sensitive information, the manipulation of financial transactions, or the disruption of critical infrastructure. Therefore, it is essential to implement strong security measures, such as encryption and authentication, to prevent MitM attacks and protect the integrity of communication.
H2: Insider Threats
H3: Definition of Insider Threats
Insider threats refer to individuals who have authorized access to a system or network and intentionally or unintentionally cause harm. These threats can come from current or former employees, contractors, or partners. The following are some key points to consider when it comes to insider threats:
- Insider threats can be intentional or unintentional. An intentional insider threat may be motivated by financial gain, revenge, or other malicious intent. An unintentional insider threat may be caused by an employee who accidentally exposes sensitive data or introduces a vulnerability into a system.
- Insider threats can pose a significant risk to an organization. In many cases, insiders have access to sensitive data, systems, and networks that are critical to the organization’s operations. As a result, an insider threat can lead to significant financial losses, reputational damage, and legal consequences.
- Insider threats can be difficult to detect and prevent. Insiders often have legitimate reasons for accessing sensitive data and systems, and it can be difficult to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate activities. Additionally, insiders may use sophisticated techniques to hide their activities, such as using personal devices or encrypting their communications.
- Insider threats can be mitigated through a combination of technology, policies, and training. Organizations can implement technical controls to monitor and audit insider activities, such as access controls, logging, and alerting. Policies can be put in place to regulate insider activities and ensure that employees are aware of their responsibilities. Training can help employees understand the risks associated with insider threats and how to avoid them.
Overall, insider threats are a serious concern for organizations of all sizes and industries. By understanding the nature of these threats and implementing appropriate controls, organizations can reduce their risk and protect their valuable assets.
H3: Malicious Insiders
Malicious insiders are individuals who use their access to an organization’s systems or data for personal gain or to cause harm. These insiders can pose a significant threat to an organization’s security, as they already have authorized access to sensitive information and systems.
Some common types of malicious insiders include:
- Disgruntled employees: These individuals may feel mistreated or underappreciated by their employer, and may seek to exact revenge by stealing sensitive data or causing disruption to the organization’s operations.
- Competitors: In some cases, individuals or organizations may seek to gain an unfair competitive advantage by stealing proprietary information or disrupting a competitor’s operations.
- Hackers: In some cases, individuals with authorized access to an organization’s systems may use their knowledge and skills to exploit vulnerabilities and gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or systems.
Malicious insiders can use a variety of techniques to carry out their attacks, including:
- Data theft: Insiders may steal sensitive data, such as customer information, financial data, or intellectual property, and sell it to third parties or use it for their own benefit.
- Sabotage: Insiders may intentionally cause disruption to an organization’s operations, such as by deleting data or disabling systems.
- Social engineering: Insiders may use social engineering techniques, such as phishing or pretexting, to gain access to sensitive information or systems.
To prevent malicious insider attacks, organizations should implement strict access controls and monitoring, as well as provide training and education to employees on the importance of security and the consequences of violating security policies. Additionally, organizations should regularly review and audit their systems and data to detect any unauthorized access or suspicious activity.
H3: Accidental Insiders
- Individuals who inadvertently cause harm due to lack of knowledge or carelessness
- These individuals, also known as “innocent insiders,” are not intentionally trying to cause harm, but their actions can still lead to data breaches, system crashes, or loss of productivity.
- They may accidentally send sensitive information to the wrong recipient, expose confidential data through unsecured channels, or introduce malware through their device.
- According to a study by the Ponemon Institute, accidental insiders are responsible for 28% of data breaches, making them a significant concern for organizations.
- To mitigate the risks posed by accidental insiders, organizations should provide comprehensive training on security best practices, establish clear policies and procedures for handling sensitive information, and implement technical controls to monitor and prevent unauthorized access.
- Additionally, it is important for organizations to create a culture of security awareness, encouraging employees to report any suspicious activity or security incidents.
- By taking proactive measures to address accidental insider threats, organizations can better protect their sensitive information and minimize the risk of a security incident.
H3: Insider Threats Detection and Prevention
- Implementing access controls and monitoring
- Conducting regular security audits and employee training
- Establishing incident response plans and reporting mechanisms
Implementing Access Controls and Monitoring
Implementing access controls and monitoring is crucial in detecting and preventing insider threats. Access controls ensure that only authorized personnel have access to sensitive information and systems. This can be achieved through the use of passwords, biometric authentication, and two-factor authentication.
Monitoring involves tracking and recording user activity on systems and networks. This includes tracking login and logout times, accessing sensitive information, and transferring data. By monitoring user activity, it is possible to detect unusual behavior that may indicate an insider threat.
Conducting Regular Security Audits and Employee Training
Regular security audits help identify vulnerabilities in systems and networks that can be exploited by insiders. These audits should be conducted by independent third-party firms to ensure objectivity. The results of the audit should be used to improve security measures and prevent future insider threats.
Employee training is also essential in preventing insider threats. Employees should be trained on security policies and procedures, including how to identify and report suspicious activity. This training should be conducted regularly to ensure that employees are up-to-date on the latest security measures.
Establishing Incident Response Plans and Reporting Mechanisms
Establishing incident response plans and reporting mechanisms is critical in detecting and responding to insider threats. These plans should outline the steps to be taken in the event of a security breach, including who to contact and what actions to take. Reporting mechanisms should be established to encourage employees to report suspicious activity. This can include a hotline or an anonymous reporting system. By establishing these measures, organizations can quickly respond to insider threats and minimize the damage caused.
FAQs
1. What are the most common hacking techniques?
The most common hacking techniques include phishing, malware, denial of service attacks, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting. These techniques are often used by hackers to gain unauthorized access to systems, steal sensitive information, or disrupt services.
2. What is phishing?
Phishing is a technique used by hackers to trick people into giving away sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card numbers. This is typically done by sending fake emails or creating fake websites that look like legitimate ones. When a person enters their information on one of these fake websites, the hacker can then use that information to gain access to their accounts or steal their money.
3. What is malware?
Malware is a type of software that is designed to harm a computer system. It can be used to steal sensitive information, spy on people, or take control of a system. There are many different types of malware, including viruses, worms, and Trojan horses.
4. What is a denial of service attack?
A denial of service attack is a type of attack in which a hacker attempts to make a website or network unavailable to users. This is typically done by flooding the system with traffic or using other methods to overload it. When a denial of service attack is successful, it can cause a website or network to crash or become unavailable for an extended period of time.
5. What is SQL injection?
SQL injection is a technique used by hackers to gain unauthorized access to a database. This is typically done by injecting malicious code into a website or application that uses the database. When this code is executed, it can give the hacker access to sensitive information, such as user passwords or credit card numbers.
6. What is cross-site scripting?
Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a technique used by hackers to inject malicious code into a website. This code can then be executed by unsuspecting users who visit the website, allowing the hacker to steal sensitive information or take control of the user’s computer. XSS attacks can be prevented by using secure coding practices and regularly updating software.